United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 1992 (Earth Summit/Rio Summit)

• In continuation of the Stockholm Declaration, 1972, and the Nairobi Declaration,1982 the third major Declaration was held in Rio-de-Janeiro in Brazil in the year 1992.
• Objective: The Rio Declaration was adopted in the conference recognising the universal and integral nature of Earth and by establishing a global partnership among states and enlisting general rights and obligations on environmental protection.
• This summit led to the development of the following documents:

1. 1. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
   2. Agenda 21
   3. Forest Principles

• The first document called the Rio Declaration, in short, contained 27 principles that were supposed to guide countries in future sustainable development.
• Agenda 21 is an action plan for sustainable development, but it is non-binding
• The Forest Principles is formally called ‘Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All Types of Forests’. It makes many recommendations for conservation and sustainable development forestry and is non-binding.