Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention)

• It is the only global and UN-based intergovernmental organization established under the aegis of UNEP exclusively for conservation and management of terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species throughout their range.
• Enforcement Year: November 1, 1983
• Parties: As of 1st November 2019, there were 130 Parties to the Convention– 129 countries plus the European Union. The Maldives is the latest country to join it (November 2019).
• Species Covered: Convention has two Appendices:
  • Appendix I list migratory species that are endangered or threatened with extinction. 
  • Appendix II list migratory species which have unfavourable conservation status and which require international agreements for their conservation and management.
• India has been a party to the Convention since 1983.
• India has signed a non-legally binding Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with CMS on conservation and management of Siberian Cranes (1998), Marine Turtles (2007), Dugongs (2008), and Raptors (2016).

CMS- COP 13

• It was held in Gandhinagar Gujarat.
• The Logo of COP 13 was inspired by ‘Kolam’- a traditional art form Southern India used to depict key migratory species in India like Amur Falcon, and Marine Turtles.
• The mascot for CMS COP-13 is ‘Gibi – The Great Indian Bustard’.
• CMS has focused on the connectivity concept to be integrated into the new Global Biodiversity Framework (which will be adopted in 2021 in China).
• COP 13, proposes to include ten new species for protection under CMS viz.:
• Three Indian Species: Asian Elephant, Bengal Florican, Great Indian Bustard.
• Other 7 from around the world: Jaguar (proposed by Costa Rica, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay), Whitetip shark (Brazil), Little Bustard (EU Nations), Urial (Tajikistan, Iran, Uzbekistan), Antipodean Albatross (New Zealand, Australia, Chile), Smooth Hammerhead Shark (Brazil), and Tope Shark (EU Nations).