The Indian Constitution was amended with the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, which introduced ten Fundamental Duties. The 11th Fundamental Duty was later added to the list by the 86th Amendment Act of 2002. The Swaran Singh Committee recommended Fundamental Duties in 1976, citing the need for them amid the internal crises of 1975-77.

Some important points regarding Fundamental Duties:

• Article 51A of Part IV A of the Indian Constitution deals with Fundamental Duties.
• The Russian Constitution originated the concept of Fundamental Duties.
• The fundamental duties serve as a reminder to individuals that, while exercising their rights, they must also be aware of the obligations they have to their country, society, and fellow citizens.
• However, the duties, like the Directive Principles, are non-justiciable in nature.
• There are two types of fundamental responsibilities:
  • Moral Duty: Upholding lofty ideals of the freedom struggle.
  • Civic Duty: Respect for the Constitution, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.
• There are no legal consequences for their violation.

List of 11 Fundamental Duties:

1. Respect the Indian Constitution’s values and institutions, as well as the National Flag and National Anthem.
2. Keep in mind and uphold the great principles that motivated the nation’s struggle for independence.
3. Maintain and safeguard India’s sovereignty, unity, and integrity.
4. When called upon, defend the country and perform national service.
5. Promote tranquility and a feeling of universal brotherhood among all Indians, regardless of religious, linguistic, regional, or sectional differences, and condemn behaviors that are demeaning to women’s dignity.
6. Value and protect the country’s diverse culture’s rich heritage.
7. To preserve and develop the natural environment, including woods, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, as well as to have compassion for all living things.
8. Develop a scientific temperament, humanism, and an inquiring and reforming mentality.
9. To protect public property and to avoid violence.
10. Strive for excellence in all areas of individual and collective effort so that the nation might continue to ascend to new heights of success and endeavor.
11. Provide educational opportunities for his kid or ward between the ages of six and fourteen. The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 added this duty.